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Showing posts with the label Democracy & Governance

Iran’s diplomacy strategy: negotiation as leverage, not concession

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis     Tehran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz raise a larger question: when Iran enters negotiations, is it seeking a settlement—or buying time to reshape the battlefield? Iran’s advocates of diplomacy often present negotiations with Tehran as the obvious alternative to escalation. Their argument is straightforward: pressure creates instability, while dialogue can produce compromise. Yet that argument becomes considerably more complicated when examined against the historical behavior of the Islamic Republic. Iran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz reveal how Tehran may use diplomacy, coercive leverage and negotiations to divide opponents, extract concessions and buy time.  The central question is not whether Iran is willing to talk. It clearly is.  The more consequential question is what Tehran seeks to achieve by talking . A long record of Iranian engagement with the United States and regional powers suggests ...

Participation without power in Iraqi Kurdistan

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By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Sulaimani, Iraq | 15 May 2026 — Kurdish Policy Analysis   A new study warns that public participation in Iraqi Kurdistan has expanded in appearance but not in real political influence, exposing deeper problems of elite control, weak accountability, and democratic stagnation in the Kurdistan Region. Dana Sofi argues that public participation in Iraqi Kurdistan has expanded in form but remained limited in influence. His research shows that new civic forums increased visibility, access and local trust, yet failed to make political institutions more responsive or redistribute power from elites to citizens Citizens were invited in We tend to equate public participation with democratic progress. If citizens are invited to meetings, civil society organisations consulted, and public forums created, democracy appears to be moving forward. But participation can be misleading. Citizens may enter the room without gaining real influence over what happens there. His ...

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