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Iran’s diplomacy strategy: negotiation as leverage, not concession

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis     Tehran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz raise a larger question: when Iran enters negotiations, is it seeking a settlement—or buying time to reshape the battlefield? Iran’s advocates of diplomacy often present negotiations with Tehran as the obvious alternative to escalation. Their argument is straightforward: pressure creates instability, while dialogue can produce compromise. Yet that argument becomes considerably more complicated when examined against the historical behavior of the Islamic Republic. Iran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz reveal how Tehran may use diplomacy, coercive leverage and negotiations to divide opponents, extract concessions and buy time.  The central question is not whether Iran is willing to talk. It clearly is.  The more consequential question is what Tehran seeks to achieve by talking . A long record of Iranian engagement with the United States and regional powers suggests ...

Iraq Declares Force Majeure on Oil Amid Conflict Disruptions | Impact Explained

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       Iraq has formally declared force majeure on parts of its oil operations as escalating regional conflict continues to disrupt production, logistics, and export capacity. The decision reflects growing instability in the Middle East energy sector, where geopolitical tensions are increasingly interfering with oil infrastructure and international supply chains. This move allows Iraq and its partners to temporarily suspend contractual obligations due to circumstances beyond their control—an increasingly common legal response in volatile conflict zones. What Is Force Majeure and Why It Matters? Force majeure is a legal clause in contracts that frees parties from liability when extraordinary events—such as war, conflict, or natural disasters—prevent them from fulfilling obligations. In Iraq’s case, the declaration signals that: Oil operations cannot continue normally Export routes are disrupted or unsafe Contractual commitments may be temporarily suspende...

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