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Iraq's Shiite holy shrines: the spiritual centers that also shape the country's security landscape

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SULAIMANI, Kurdistan Region of Iraq —By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis Beyond their religious significance, Iraq's five major Shiite shrines operate under distinct security arrangements involving state forces, shrine-affiliated units, and local protection structures.  Iraq's five major Shiite holy shrines are not only centers of pilgrimage but also key elements of the country's unique security architecture. Iraq's Shiite holy shrines—known as Atabat —are among the most important religious sites in the Islamic world, attracting millions of pilgrims each year from Iraq and abroad. While these sacred sites are best known for their spiritual significance, they also occupy a unique place within Iraq's security architecture, with different shrines protected by a combination of state institutions, shrine-affiliated formations, and local security departments. The Five Major Shiite Shrines in Iraq Iraq is home to five principal Shiite shrines, each associa...

Iraqi Kurds Face Existential Crossroads Amid Regional US-Iran Tensions

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     Rising pressure from Washington and Tehran forces Erbil to navigate an unprecedented geopolitical dilemma that could determine the future of Kurdish autonomy. Sulaimanyah, Iraq, March 31, Kurdish Policy Analysis — Over the past three decades, the Kurdish region of northern Iraq has weathered civil war, foreign invasions, and insurgencies, steadily building a semi-autonomous political system. Today, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) stands at a historic crossroads as escalating regional tensions between the United States, Israel, and Iran threaten its hard-won autonomy. From the Kurdish civil war in the 1990s to the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, and more recently the fight against the Islamic State, Kurdish forces have historically maintained clear strategic alignments. Peshmerga fighters partnered with international coalitions, gaining both recognition and support from major powers. Even the 2017 independence referendum, which triggered a diplomatic crisis wit...

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