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Iran’s diplomacy strategy: negotiation as leverage, not concession

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis     Tehran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz raise a larger question: when Iran enters negotiations, is it seeking a settlement—or buying time to reshape the battlefield? Iran’s advocates of diplomacy often present negotiations with Tehran as the obvious alternative to escalation. Their argument is straightforward: pressure creates instability, while dialogue can produce compromise. Yet that argument becomes considerably more complicated when examined against the historical behavior of the Islamic Republic. Iran’s demands over the Strait of Hormuz reveal how Tehran may use diplomacy, coercive leverage and negotiations to divide opponents, extract concessions and buy time.  The central question is not whether Iran is willing to talk. It clearly is.  The more consequential question is what Tehran seeks to achieve by talking . A long record of Iranian engagement with the United States and regional powers suggests ...

Why Iran's Kurds are the most divided Kurdish population: the hidden fault lines of Iranian Kurdistan

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis Why Iran's Kurds Are the Most Internally Divided Kurdish Population Iran's Kurds are the most internally divided Kurdish population because they are fragmented by dialect, religion, geography, and centuries of integration into the Iranian state. Unlike Kurdish communities in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, linguistic, sectarian, and political identities often do not overlap, making Kurdish political unity significantly more difficult. Among the four major Kurdish populations spanning Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran, no community exhibits the same degree of internal diversity as Iran's Kurds. While Kurdish nationalism is often portrayed as a unified movement stretching across national borders, the Iranian Kurdish experience tells a far more complex story. Dialectal diversity, sectarian divisions, geography, and more than five centuries of incorporation into successive Iranian states have produced a Kurdish population whose internal d...

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