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Water could become the Gulf's next battlefield

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis Water Could Become the Gulf's Next Battlefield As missiles target desalination plants, the Middle East's next strategic conflict may be fought not over oil—but over water. The Iran-Israel-U.S. conflict has revealed a new strategic vulnerability in the Gulf: desalination plants. Water security is rapidly becoming a core national security issue. For decades, oil has defined the geopolitics of the Persian Gulf. Yet the recent conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the United States has exposed another critical vulnerability that could shape future wars: water infrastructure. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states are among the most water-scarce countries in the world. With virtually no permanent rivers and minimal rainfall, countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar rely overwhelmingly on desalination plants to supply drinking water to nearly 100 million people. During the latest regional ...
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Women are paying the price for Kurdistan's deepening service crisis

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By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis Years of failing public services, compounded by regional conflict and economic instability, are leaving women across the Kurdistan Region to shoulder the growing burden of daily survival. Women in the Kurdistan Region are bearing the heaviest burden of water shortages, electricity cuts, rising fuel costs, and deteriorating public services. Women across the Kurdistan Region are increasingly bearing the consequences of chronic failures in public services as electricity shortages, water scarcity, rising fuel prices, and deteriorating infrastructure continue to disrupt daily life. Long-standing structural problems have been compounded by recent regional conflicts, particularly the war involving Iran, the United States, and Israel, which has intensified pressure on households and public utilities. Residents interviewed in Sulaimani describe a worsening humanitarian situation marked by unreliable electricity, limited access to clean water,...
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Women, War, and Peace: Why Female Participation Determines the Fate of Peace Processes

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From Kurdistan to Colombia, evidence shows peace agreements fail without meaningful inclusion of women: An analysis of women’s role in peace negotiations, showing why exclusion leads to failed agreements and renewed violence across global conflicts. By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj, SULAIMANI,   Kurdish Policy Analysis , April 20--  — The role of women in peace negotiations is not a symbolic issue—it is a determining factor in whether peace agreements succeed or collapse. Across conflicts from Kurdistan to Latin America, decades of evidence show that excluding women from negotiation processes leads to fragile agreements, renewed violence, and, in some cases, mass atrocities. A global pattern of exclusion Peace processes emerging from armed conflicts are shaped by each country’s political, social, and economic realities. Yet a common pattern persists: women—despite their central role in social resistance and peace activism—are often excluded from formal negotiations. Historicall...
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Lindsey Graham Passing Reshapes Republican Foreign Policy—and Raises Questions for the Kurds

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis The sudden death of one of Washington's most influential Republican hawks removes a powerful congressional advocate for Ukraine, Israel, a hardline Iran policy, and Kurdish aspirations in the Middle East. The death of Senator Lindsey Graham removes one of Washington's strongest advocates for the Kurds, Ukraine, Israel, and a tougher US policy toward Iran. Lindsey Graham's Sudden Death Leaves a Strategic Void in Washington WASHINGTON — Senator Lindsey Graham , one of the Republican Party's most influential foreign policy voices and one of President Donald Trump's closest congressional allies, has died at the age of 71 following a sudden illness, according to a statement released by his office. His unexpected death comes at a particularly volatile moment in American and Middle Eastern politics. Graham had recently traveled to Ukraine, remained deeply involved in congressional debates over Iran and Israel, and was p...
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Lindsey Graham's Death Leaves a Void in US-Kurdish Relations

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  By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis     The passing of Senator Lindsey Graham removes one of the most influential American advocates for the Kurdish people, raising questions about the future of bipartisan support for Kurdistan amid shifting US foreign policy priorities. The death of Senator Lindsey Graham removes one of Washington's strongest advocates for the Kurdish people, creating uncertainty for future US-Kurdish relations. The Loss of a Longstanding Friend of Kurdistan The sudden death of U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham has prompted an outpouring of tributes not only across Washington but throughout the Kurdistan Region, reflecting the rare position he occupied as one of the most consistent and influential American advocates for Kurdish interests. The Washington Kurdish Institute described Graham as a steadfast supporter whose commitment to the Kurdish people extended beyond political rhetoric, offering condolences to his family while highlighting...
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Can the stateless Nation of Kurdistan help save the Global Order?

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By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj A new geopolitical analysis argues that Kurdistan's experience of survival, mediation, and pragmatic diplomacy offers unexpected lessons as the international order faces its deepest crisis since World War II. A new geopolitical analysis argues Kurdistan's experience offers vital lessons for rebuilding international order amid the Iran war and global instability. As the World Fragments, Kurdistan Offers an Unexpected Lesson The international system is under unprecedented strain.  Russia's war in Ukraine, escalating tensions between Iran and the West, the paralysis of the United Nations, and growing competition among major powers have raised a fundamental question: Who still defines the rules of international order? According to a new geopolitical analysis by Greg Mills and Basil Gavalas , the answer may not come from Washington, Moscow, Beijing, or Brussels—but from an unlikely place: Iraq's Kurdistan Region . While lacking international r...
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