The Kurdish Referendum: Between Defeat and Achievement

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  Nine years after Kurdistan’s 2017 referendum, its political, economic and strategic consequences remain deeply contested. Nine years after the Kurdistan Region’s independence referendum, debate over the referendum and its consequences for the Kurdistan Region continues. Supporters regard it as a historic achievement, while its opponents see it as a factor that weakened the Region’s position within the framework of Iraq. On September 25, 2017, the referendum process was held in the Kurdistan Region and the disputed territories. At the time, the authorities of the Kurdistan Region claimed that the process was intended to pave the way for “independence” and “separation” from Iraq. However, less than a month later, the political balance shifted dramatically against the Region. When the referendum was held in the Kurdistan Region, most political parties and factions supported the process. However, less than a month later, when the Iraqi military operation against the disputed territor...
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“Not Part of the Truce”: How Lebanon Became the Loophole That Could Restart the War

 Israel strikes Lebanon, Iran fires back — both claim the ceasefire doesn’t apply, exposing a dangerous gap in the deal


Kurdish Policy Analysis Report

SULAIMANI, April 9, 2026 — A fragile ceasefire between the United States and Iran is under mounting strain after Israel intensified its military campaign in Lebanon, prompting retaliatory threats and missile activity from Tehran, with both sides claiming their actions fall outside the scope of the truce.

Israeli officials have explicitly stated that operations in Lebanon — primarily targeting Hezbollah — are not covered by the agreement, describing the conflict there as separate from the broader U.S.-Iran ceasefire.

Within hours of the truce announcement, Israeli airstrikes hit multiple locations across Lebanon, including Beirut, in one of the most intense bombardments in weeks, killing scores and injuring hundreds, according to media reports.

Iran responds — same logic, different battlefield

Iran, for its part, has signaled that any response to Israeli actions — including missile launches toward Israel — would also fall outside the ceasefire framework.

Tehran argues that if Lebanon is excluded, then its retaliation against Israel cannot be considered a violation either — a position that analysts say risks turning the ceasefire into a “selective pause” rather than a real de-escalation.

The result is a dangerous dynamic: both sides claim compliance while continuing military operations.

Why Lebanon matters

At the center of the crisis is Lebanon — not just as a battlefield, but as a strategic pressure point.

Hezbollah, Iran’s most powerful regional ally, operates from southern Lebanon and has long been a central pillar of Tehran’s deterrence strategy against Israel. Israeli officials say ongoing strikes are aimed at pushing the group away from the border and degrading its capabilities.

But analysts warn that treating Lebanon as “outside the deal” creates a critical loophole.

“If Lebanon is excluded, then escalation is inevitable,” one regional analyst said. “Because that’s exactly where Iran and Israel confront each other indirectly.”

The risk is not theoretical. Iran has already linked Israeli strikes in Lebanon to broader regional consequences, including threats to shipping and energy flows.

Ceasefire in name only?

International officials have expressed concern that continued fighting in Lebanon could unravel the entire agreement.

British Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper described Israel’s campaign as “deeply damaging” and warned it could destabilize the ceasefire framework altogether.

Meanwhile, conflicting interpretations of the truce — with some mediators insisting Lebanon was included and others denying it — have added to the uncertainty.

A widening gap

The emerging reality is a fragmented ceasefire:

  • U.S. and Iran: paused
  • Israel and Hezbollah: active
  • Iran and Israel: indirectly escalating

That gap may prove unsustainable.

As long as Lebanon remains outside the agreement, it risks becoming the arena where the broader war quietly continues — and potentially reignites in full.

#BreakingNews #Lebanon #Israel #Iran #Ceasefire #MiddleEast #Hezbollah #Geopolitics #WarAlert

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