About the Peshmerga unification: How Can We Have an Army?

Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj How can Kurdish society build a modern army while balancing history, politics, technology, civil authority, and the Peshmerga's legacy? This may appear to be a straightforward institutional question, but it is not. The question of how to create an army in the Kurdistan Region is ultimately a question about political authority, social organization, historical experience, technology, and the relationship between the state and the forces that defend it. At the most basic level, there are two ways of thinking about this problem. We might call them thin theories and deep theories. Thin theory assumes that institutions can be separated from the societies that produce them. Under this approach, armies are broadly comparable institutions that can be constructed according to common models in different places. The assumption is that what works in one environment can, with sufficient administrative effort, be reproduced somewhere else. A similar logic is particularly domina...
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Ocalan Declares the Kurdish Century: Why the Middle East Can No Longer Ignore Kurdish Power


By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj

Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan — Kurdish Policy Analysis

In a landmark message to the Kurdistan National Congress, Abdullah Ocalan argues that the Kurds have become the Middle East’s most important social and political force, calling for unprecedented Kurdish unity amid a fragile peace process with Turkey.

The imprisoned leader of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), Abdullah Ocalan, has said the Kurdish people are now “the most important social dynamic of the Middle East,” warning that it is no longer possible to discuss a Middle East equation “without accounting for the Kurds” or treating their will “as non-existent.”

In a message dated June 1, published on Saturday for the 24th General Assembly of the Kurdistan National Congress (KNK), Ocalan calls for the establishment of a “democratic" and "national" Kurdish unity based on dialogue and the inclusion of all political forces, intellectuals, women, and youth.

In his message, Ocalan states that Kurds should no longer be allowed “to be used against one another,” adding that protecting “national achievements with a common mindset” must be among the fundamental principles of this unity.

Ocalan's remarks come amid the renewed peace push emerged in Turkey in late 2024, driven by shifting regional dynamics and renewed political will after years of conflict between Ankara and the PKK.

A major turning point came when Ocalan called on the group in February 2025 to disarm and dissolve. The PKK said it heeded the call, holding a symbolic disarmament ceremony and withdrawing from some conflict zones.

Since then, the group has taken several steps, including withdrawing from some frontlines, but it has accused Ankara of failing to take meaningful reciprocal measures.

A parliamentary commission that met with relevant authorities and figures, including Ocalan, submitted a report to parliament earlier this year. Turkish lawmakers are expected to debate possible legal arrangements, including amnesty provisions for PKK fighters.

However, the PKK recently said the process has effectively stalled, accusing Ankara of freezing it by failing to take concrete steps and restricting meetings with Ocalan.

In his message, Ocalan said Kurds have moved beyond a phase of denial and fragmentation and now represent “the most important social dynamic of the Middle East,” adding: “It is no longer possible to discuss a Middle East equation without accounting for the Kurds or treating their will as non-existent.”

He urged the development of a “culture of dialogue, negotiation, and a common struggle among Kurds,” saying that unity “cannot be built through a single political movement, party, or side,” but must involve “all political forces, intellectuals, women, youth, and the social dynamics of the Kurds.”

Ocalan also warned against internal divisions, stating that “democratic Kurdish unity is not about the rejection of differences; on the contrary, it is the coming together of differences on a democratic ground.”

He further emphasized that disputes should be resolved through political means, saying: “The way to transcend the disagreements and divisions of the past is not through war and conflict, but through talking, discussion, and finding common solutions.”

#Ocalan #Kurds #Kurdistan #PKK #Turkey #MiddleEast #Geopolitics #KurdishUnity #PeaceProcess #Rojava #IraqiKurdistan #KurdishPolitics #WestAsia #KNK

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