Who really controls Kurdistan’s gas? The Dana Gas deal, the KRG’s silence and the hidden cost of selling energy to Iraq

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By Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj | Kurdish Policy Analysis      A $2.239 billion arbitration settlement, a contract running until 2049, expanded rights for Pearl Petroleum and a new battle over gas sales to Baghdad are raising uncomfortable questions about who ultimately controls Kurdistan’s most strategic natural resource. The latest dispute over Khor Mor gas is exposing a much deeper problem in the Kurdistan Region’s energy sector: the public still does not appear to have a clear picture of who controls the region’s gas, who is authorized to sell it, and how much of its future value has already been committed to private companies. At the center of the controversy is Pearl Petroleum, the consortium led by Dana Gas and Crescent Petroleum, and a settlement agreement reached with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) on August 30, 2017. Kurdistan Parliament member Kawa Sheikh Ali has now sharply criticized that agreement, asking why a government would effectively commit its natural ...

Launch of Inclusive Social Safety Net pilot in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

 


Dr. Pshtiwan Faraj, Sulaimani, Iraq, April 2026  — Under the leadership of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Kurdistan Regional of Government, UNHCR, UNICEF and the World Bank are supporting the launch of a Social Safety Net pilot in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pilot will provide financial social assistance to 3,200 poor families, including 600 refugee households, over 12 months to help meet their basic needs.

Registration for families to express their interest in receiving assistance is open until 28 April 2026. Families can approach centres run by the General Directorate of Social Care and Development in Duhok to submit their details. The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, in collaboration with the Ministry of Planning, will then select eligible families based on specific poverty targeting criteria. Financial social assistance transfers are expected to begin in mid-2026.

"This pilot represents a meaningful step forward in supporting the Kurdistan Regional Government's poverty reduction efforts, introducing poverty-targeted cash assistance to the Region for the first time. In parallel, a Management Information System is being established to ensure the effective and efficient delivery of the pilot, with the potential to support social programs in the future. This is an important stride toward building an inclusive and sustainable social protection system." said Emanuel Salinas Munoz, World Bank Special Representative for Iraq.

Social Safety Nets, a core pillar of social protection, have not been operational in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since 2015. With World Bank technical assistance and funding by the Government of the Netherlands as part of the PROSPECTS partnership, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs has worked on updating frameworks to re-establish the Social Safety Net. Ahead of the pilot, UNHCR has provided technical support to facilitate the inclusion of refugees, while UNICEF strengthened child-sensitive systems by enhancing case management for vulnerable families and linking services through a unified information system.

Including refugees in the Social Safety Net is an important step marking the transition from their dependence on humanitarian assistance to inclusion in national systems. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq currently hosts around 283,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mainly Syrians, many of whom have lived in the region for over a decade. For the most vulnerable refugees, such the elderly and people with disabilities, sustained financial support is critical to rebuilding lives and contributing to their communities on a long-term basis.

“Refugee inclusion within national social protection systems like the Social Safety Net is a key part of sustainable solutions for refugees. At UNHCR, we are excited to partner with the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs to support this pilot which is a regional first and hope that its success can lead to further expansion of an inclusive Social Safety Net in Iraq,” said Toby Harward, UNHCR Representative in Iraq.

“This pilot will help improve social protection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq so it better supports children’s rights, responds to shocks and reaches the most vulnerable. By strengthening existing systems, assistance can be delivered more quickly and safely, while social workers can focus on case management, which is essential for protecting children effectively,” said Christian Skoog, UNICEF Representative in Iraq.

The initiative contributes to the United Nations support to Iraq’s development under the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework 2025-2029. Strong, inclusive social protection systems—grounded in robust policies and legislation—are critical to delivering equitable and sustainable support for all populations in Iraq.

#Kurdistan #Iraq #SocialProtection #UNHCR #UNICEF #WorldBank #PovertyReduction #Refugees #SocialPolicy #Development

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